노르웨이 학생·학자 국제지원펀드(SAIH)가 만든 ‘아프리카를 돕자-잘못됐어’(Let’s Save Africa-Gone Wrong) 동영상의 첫 장면. 사진 속 광고판에 등장하는 흑인 어린이는 이 동영상에서 ‘모금방송 전문배우’로 나온다. 이 작품은 아프리카 빈곤을 위한 모금 광고의 전형성을 풍자하고 있다. SAIH 누리집 갈무리
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2014년 9월 23일 화요일
[한겨레] "쟤네 봐, 불쌍하지? 그러니까 공부해"
[한겨레] 아프리카 주민들이 추위 떠는 노르웨이 돕는다?
국제일반 | 아프리카 주민들이 추위 떠는 노르웨이 돕는다? |
노르웨이 학생·학자 국제지원펀드(SAIH)가 만든 ‘아프리카를 돕자-잘못됐어’(Let’s Save Africa-Gone Wrong) 동영상의 첫 장면. 사진 속 광고판에 등장하는 흑인 어린이는 이 동영상에서 ‘모금방송 전문배우’로 나온다. 이 작품은 아프리카 빈곤을 위한 모금 광고의 전형성을 풍자하고 있다. SAIH 누리집 갈무리
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[세계 쏙] ‘빈곤의 포르노그래피’ 꼬집는 노르웨이 ‘사이’
유튜브를 통해 전세계 24만여명이 본 동영상 ‘노르웨이를 위한 아프리카’(Africa For Norway)는 1980년대 서구의 아프리카 어린이 돕기 캠페인 대표곡인 ‘위 아 더 월드’(We Are the World)를 떠올리게 한다. 추위에 떠는 노르웨이 국민을 돕자며 모인 검은 얼굴들은 밝게 빛난다. 그들은 합창한다. “열대의 훈풍으로 노르웨이를 도웁시다. 난방기(라디에이터)를 모아서 그들에게 보냅시다. 그들에게 온기와 희망과 미소를 주자고요. 라디-에이드(Radi-Aid), 이제 ‘예스’라고 말해요.”비극 부풀려 모금에만 주력하는
아프리카 구호 광고·활동 꼬집어
눈물샘 자극 위한 과장된 홍보
뒤틀린 제3세계 이미지 만들기도
“저개발 국가에 대한 연민보다
‘보편적 인류애’에 기반해야”
아프리카의 구호 광고
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[BBC] Snapshot: The biggest problems facing the world
Snapshot: The biggest problems facing the world
6 hours ago
In 2010, Cambridge professor Nicholas Boyle said "a great event" in the year 2014 would be pivotal in determining whether the 21st Century would bring peace and prosperity or war and poverty.
With the loss of two Malaysia Airlines flights, the kidnapping of 200 schoolgirls in Nigeria, war in Gaza and Israel, the birth of an "Islamic State" in the Middle East, tensions in Europe over Ukraine and the Ebola outbreak in West Africa, his prediction doesn't seem that far off.
BBC News takes a look at some of the crises facing world leaders, as Nato members gather in the Welsh city of Newport for a summit.
Ukraine
Western leaders have described the Ukraine conflict as the biggest crisis in Europe since the end of the Cold War.
Tensions erupted when Russia annexed the Black Sea peninsula of Crimea in March. Two months later, pro-Russian gunmen declared independence in the eastern regions of Donetsk and Luhansk.
Some 2,600 people have been killed in fighting between Ukrainian troops and the separatists since mid-April, according to the UN.
This does not include the 298 passengers and crew of Malaysian Airlines MH17, which was shot down - probably by rebels, accidentally - in the Donetsk area in July.
The Ukraine conflict has pushed Nato's relationship with Russia to new lows, with the alliance accusing Russia of sending at least 1,000 troops and hundreds of armoured vehicles into eastern Ukraine.
The EU and US have already imposed a series of economic sanctions on Moscow for backing Ukraine's separatists.
Syria
The Syrian conflict has just entered its 42nd month. Described by the UN as "the biggest humanitarian emergency of our era," almost 50% of all Syrians have been forced to flee their homes because of clashes between government forces and rebel fighters, which include jihadists from Islamic State and al-Nusra Front, an al-Qaeda affiliate.
This time last year, the US and its allies came very close to launching punitive military air strikes on government positions after a deadly chemical weapons attack killed hundreds of civilians on the outskirts of Damascus.
But when the UK Parliament voted against intervention, depriving US President Barack Obama of crucial support and sowing doubts among US politicians, the move was quickly quashed.
A positive outcome of the chemical weapons crisis was the destruction of Syria's chemical weapons stockpile, although there are fears that some weapons remain unaccounted for and may be used by government forces or end up in the hands of extremists.
President Bashar al-Assad has been gaining the upper hand in the conflict, with the rebels beset by divisions and denied the heavy weapons they need by their foreign backers.
Questions remain over whether more could have been done to prevent the chaos seen today in the region, with Syrian sectarian tensions spilling into neighbouring Lebanon and Iraq.
The divisions among Syria's rebels have also created a void that led to the birth of an entity posing a whole new threat to the region: the rise of Islamic State.
Islamic State
The Syria conflict has become overshadowed by the rise of the Islamic State (IS) group, which has seized vast swathes of eastern Syria and northern and western Iraq. The militants' emergence has prompted US military intervention in the region once again.
Formerly known as the Islamic State in Iraq and Levant (Isis), IS has developed a reputation for its brutal tactics. Its mass killings and abductions of members of religious and ethnic minorities, as well as the beheadings of two US journalists, have sparked fear and outrage across the world.
IS has been an active force in Syria since April 2013. Its size is unclear, but it is thought to include thousands of fighters, many of them foreign jihadists.
The number of fighters IS has drawn from European countries and the US has shocked many in the West.
The group's capture of Iraq's second largest city of Mosul in June was due in part to its support from Iraq's Sunni Arab minority community - including tribal militants and former army personnel - who were disillusioned by the exclusionist policies of outgoing Prime Minister Nouri Maliki.
Iran subsequently dropped its support for Mr Maliki's bid for a third term in office and even suggested working together with the US to counter the threat of IS.
Militant Islam
Islamic State is not alone in trying to establish an Islamic caliphate in the world.
Nigeria's militant Islamist group Boko Haram says it has set up its own caliphate in the areas it controls in the north-east of the country. The group's kidnapping of more than 200 schoolgirls near Chibok, Borno state, in April sparked global outrage.
It has stepped up its campaign against the Nigerian army in recent weeks, even carrying out cross-border raids into Cameroon.
Meanwhile, al-Qaeda's affiliates in Yemen and North and East Africa continue to plague governments and national armies there, although they don't always make the headlines these days now that IS has stolen the limelight.
Islamist militant group al-Shabab continues to control large swathes of territory in rural areas of Somalia and carry out bombings and assassinations in the capital, Mogadishu. It said it was behind last year's dramatic siege of the Westgate mall in the Kenyan capital, killing at least 67 people.
Afghanistan
There has been no let up in the intensity of violence and attacks carried out by the Taliban since US-led combat troops started to withdraw from the country.
The Afghan army has seen a rise in the number of casualties as it increasingly takes over the front line in the battle against militants. The situation is not much better for civilians, with casualties rising 24% in the first half of 2014. The army hopes to secure more funding from Nato leaders to better equip its soldiers.
Meanwhile, Afghanistan remains embroiled in a political crisis over the disputed presidential election, which would be the country's first democratic transfer of power.
The UN is in the process of auditing every vote cast after the two rival candidates, Ashraf Ghani and Abdullah Abdullah, both claimed victory. They have publicly agreed to form a national unity government whatever the outcome of the audit.
Both have committed themselves to signing a security agreement with the US which will allow foreign forces to stay in Afghanistan after 2014.
Israel-Gaza
This summer has seen some of thedeadliest violence in years between Israel and Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip.
Israel launched a massive military operation on 8 July to halt rocket attacks from Gaza. By the time a long-term ceasefire was brokered by Egypt on 27 August, more than 2,100 Palestinians had been killed, along with 66 Israeli soldiers and seven civilians in Israel. Commentators said there were no clear victors, but for now the truce is holdingand the reconstruction of Gaza - where about 17,000 homes were destroyed or severely damaged, leaving an estimated 100,000 people homeless - can begin.
Ebola
World Health Organization (WHO) officials have described the Ebola outbreak in Western Africa as the "largest and most severe and most complex" they have ever seen.
At the time of writing, more than 1,900 people have died, with some 3,500 confirmed or probable cases in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. The outbreak has also reached Senegal and Nigeria.
The speed at which the epidemic isspreading is a real concern for health officials, who say more than 40% of the total deaths occurred in the three weeks leading up to 3 September.
Experts have warned that many thousands more may be infected.
The crisis is having knock-on effects elsewhere, with Thai sailors fearful of sailing to the region, which is affecting the supply of the millions of tonnes of rice they usually bring in. Students have also faced school closures in Nigeria.
라벨:
Afghanistan,
BBC,
Ebola,
Gaza,
IS,
Islamic State,
Israel,
Militant Islam,
Syria,
Ukraine,
world
2014년 9월 22일 월요일
[네이버 지식백과] 저널리즘의 유형
저널리즘의 유형
옐로 저널리즘 (yellow journalism) |
대중의 원시적 본능을 자극하고 호기심에 호소하여 흥미 본위로 보도하는 센세이셔널리즘 경향을 띠는 저널리즘
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제록스저널리즘 (xerox journalism) |
극비 문서를 제록스로 몰래 복사해서 발표하는 저널리즘. 즉 문서를 근거로 한 폭로기사 일변도의 안이한 취재 방법과 언론 경향
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블랙 저널리즘 (black journalism) |
공개되지 않은 이면적 사실을 벗기는 정보 활동 세계. 개인이나 집단, 조직의 약점을 이용하여 이를 발표ㆍ보도하겠다고 위협하거나 보도해서 특정한 이익을 얻을 것을 목적으로 하는 저널리즘 활동
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팩 저널리즘 (pack journalism) |
취재 방법이나 취재 시각 등이 획일적이어서 개성이 없는 저널리즘. 인간, 정치 또는 사건에 대해 다양한 각도에서 취재가 이루어지지 않고 있는 언론상황을 지칭. 권력에 의한 제도적 및 자의적 제한 등에 그 원인이 있다. 우리나라에서 '보도지침', '협조요청'이라는 이름으로 행해져 정치적으로도 문제화된 적이 있는 관계 기관의 지면 제작에 대한 은밀한 강압적 조치 등이 그 예
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그래프 저널리즘 (graph journalism) |
사진을 중심으로 편집된 간행물. 미국의 <life>, 프랑스의 <paris match>가 대표적
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포토 저널리즘 (photo journalism) |
사진기술로 대상이 되는 사실이나 시사적인 문제를 표현하고 보도하는 저널리즘
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하이프 저널리즘 (hipe journalism) |
오락만 있고 정보가 전혀 없는 새로운 유형의 뉴스
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파라슈트 저널리즘 (parachute journalism) |
낙하산 언론. 현지 사정을 잘 모르면서 가지고 있는 선입견에 따라 기사를 작성하는 것
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경마 저널리즘 (horse race journalism) |
선거 보도 형태의 하나로 후보자의 득표 상황만을 집중 보도하는 것. 진실에 바탕을 둔 공정한 보도보다는 단순히 흥미 위주로 마치 경마를 취재하는 기사처럼 오로지 누가 앞서고 누가 뒤지느냐에만 집착하여 보도함.
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수표 저널리즘 (check journalism) |
신문 또는 방송사가 유명인사들의 사진 또는 스캔들 기사, 센세이셔널한 사건 당사자의 증언 등을 거액을 주고 사들여 보도하는 것
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퍼블릭 저널리즘 (public journalism) |
시빅 저널리즘(civic journalism)이라고도 함. 시민이 참여하는 민주주의 과정을 활성화시키는 것으로 취재원 다양화로 여론 민주화를 선도해 선정주의를 극복하고자 나온 고급지의 새로운 패러다임이다. 즉, 언론인 스스로 지역사회 일원으로 행동하고 시민들이 공동 관심사에 직접 참여하도록 주선해 주는 것
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뉴 저널리즘 (new journalism) |
1960년대 이후 새롭게 등장한 보도 및 기사 작성의 스타일. 기존 저널리즘이 취해 왔던 속보성, 객관성의 관념을 거부하고, 소설 작가의 기법을 적용하여 사건과 상황에 대한 표현을 독자에게 실감나게 전달하고자 한다.
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비디오 저널리즘 (video journalism) |
한 주제하에 프로듀서 한 명이 6mm 디지털 카메라를 들고 현장을 누비며 촬영하고 편집까지 맡는 1인 제작 시스템. 카메라가 작기 때문에 현장 기동성이 뛰어나다. 1990년대 중후반부터 VJ를 통한 방송사의 외주제작이 활발해지고 있다.
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가차 저널리즘 (gotcha journalism) |
언론이 특정 정치인이나 저명인사의 사소한 말실수나 당황해 하는 행동 등을 사안의 맥락과 관계없이 흥미 위주로 집중 보도하는 형태
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PD 저널리즘 |
PD들이 취재하고 구성하는 취재보도 프로그램. 기자가 사실을 보도하는 데 대하여 PD는 사실 이면에 숨겨진 진실을 보도한다는 데 초점을 두고 있다. MBC의 〈PD 수첩〉,KBS <추적60분>, SBS <그것이 알고 싶다> 등이 대표적인 PD저널리즘 프로그램이다.
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하이에나 저널리즘 (hyena journalism) |
권력 있는 사람, 정치적으로 살아 있는 사람보다 힘없는 사람, 영향력 잃은 사람을 집중적으로 매도하는 저널리즘
[네이버 지식백과] 저널리즘 [journalism] (시사상식사전, 박문각)
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